Premier Critical Perspective, Volume 5, Issue 2, May 2022

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Non-linear Relationship between Income Inequality and International Remittance: An Empirical Investigation of Bangladesh
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Sultana, Abeda
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the nonlinear relationship between foreign remittance and income inequality of Bangladesh by utilizing yearly data from 1990 to 2018. By using Johansen-Juselius cointegration test and ordinary least squares approach this study reveals a considerably nonlinear pattern of the relationship of remittance and income inequality, and portrays as inverted U-shape. This article also shows that income inequality is positively affected by other factors such as the unemployment rate and inflation and negatively affected by manpower of Bangladesh. Thus, the economy of the country might strive to use foreign money, not just in consumption, in productive sectors, and remittances play a critical role in maintaining the income balance. The research also suggests that Bangladesh's manpower resources be used properly to eliminate inequalities.
Editorial & Contents
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05)
The Impact of Stigma and Discrimination on HIV Patient: Case Studies from Chittagong City
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Chowduary, Sadika Sultana
HIV/AIDS is a devastating disease and its prevalence is increasing day by day. Both sufferers and their family members are vulnerable to different unacceptable conditions, and they are stigmatized and discriminated against in society. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are of growing concern in the entire world. This qualitative research is based on Case Studies located in Chittagong city. The data collection for this study was carried out from the Outpatient Department of three NGOs (AsharAlo Society, Bandhu, PMTCT Project at Chittagong Medical College who deals with HIV/ positive patients. After obtaining written consent, patients were included in the study. Case studies are developed through in-depth interviews with HIV-positive individuals. Through the case studies, the researcher can explore the practical situation of HIV-positive individuals. Research findings help find out the social, personal, and family vulnerabilities of HIV-positive cases. Further more, it sheds light on the sufferings of HIV-positive individuals. The study will focus on the interactions between HIV-positive individuals and the rest of society. It observes that HIV patients are discriminated against in all aspects of society. Such as discrimination in family life, privacy, social security, liberty in life, work, spot eviction, freedom of opinion, no access to share in scientific advancement and its benefits, participation in public and cultural life, torture and cruelness, etc.
Adaptation of Shakespeare’s Plays from Bangladesh Perspectives
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Parvin, Shahnaz
The Bard of Avon refuses to be limited in time and space. Shakespeare wrote plays for the late 16th and early 17th Century Elizabethan-Jacobean audience but left thousands of readers and audiences of the world spellbound indicating the timeless nature of his works. In this twenty-first century also, a standard number of people take reading and watching Shakespeare’s plays as a hobby. This level of esteem also has inspired the adaptation of his works by the scholars, translators, and dramatists of Bangladesh. This paper intends to underline the historical background of adaptation of Shakespeare’s works in the subcontinent Bangla plays, and show how worldwide psychological chaos like Othello Syndrome prevails in “Othello ebong (and) Othello” and “Othello Syndrome,” the television dramas of Bangladesh. The study will try to discuss how Shakespeare’s plays relate to the context of Bangladesh and its culture, thus proving Shakespeare’s universality.
Two Worlds and the Eventual Tensions: An Analysis of Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Uddin, Syed Jashim
This article is an attempt to explore the two worlds experienced by the major characters in Jhumpa Lahiri’s (2013) The Lowland. The fiction depicts two paradoxical worlds and the characters cannot help embracing them for social, cultural, political, and ideological reasons. Subhash and Gauri are the major characters in the novel who experience the paradoxicalities in their lives because of their existence in two different countries: India and America. The paradoxicalities are portrayed in terms of geography, culture, personal relationships, and diaspora. Hence, what results is an unavoidable tension that springs from the oppositional experiences lived by them. Moreover, the third major character, Udayan, also attributes a substantial degree of tension to the making up of the plot. This article focuses on the nature of these two worlds and the tensions they create in Subhash, Gauri and Udayan in The Lowland.
Shakespeare in the English Language Classroom: Using Drama Techniques to Develop Adult Learner’s L2 Speaking Skills
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Akther, Kohinoor
Speaking in L2 is the most vital skill in this modern, globalized world. Shakespeare’s drama with its stage techniques can be a useful tool for developing L2 (English as a foreign/second) speaking skills. Drama skills/techniques on stage facilitate a learner’s fluency, pronunciation, and confidence in oral delivery. In the present communicative language teaching (CLT) method, there is still a lack of options for developing L2 speaking skills among our learners. So L2 speaking is always difficult for them from class one to twelve. The result is visible at the advanced level also. A learner suffers from severe anxiety to deliver an oral presentation or to attend a viva-voce exam. It often hinders one to speak naturally in public to present an impromptu speech even in front of classmates. Drama skills/techniques encourage a learner to come out of this challenging situation. To test this, a case study has been made on 68 learners of the Department of English Language and Literature (DELL) at Premier University, Chattagram. As research instruments, questionnaires and one-to-one interviews have been taken in three phases. The target group (TG) of students comprises three advanced-level students. These groups have done three compulsory courses— ‘Shakespeare: Tragedies and Histories’, ‘Shakespeare: Comedies and Sonnets’ and ‘The History of Theatre’. The department offers these courses in three different semesters for four and half months’ each with intensive theoretical and practical classes. From the study, it comes out that the influence of staging Shakespeare’s dramas on developing an L2 learner’s speaking skills is phenomenal. It has significantly increased the self-confidence along with other speaking skills of the L2 learners. Shakespeare on stage comes out as more beneficial for language learners than on the pages of the books.
Choice, Voice, and Power: An Analysis of Mafijon in Mahbub-Ul-Alam’s Mafijon
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Rahim, Abdur
There has been a long debate in the field of knowledge whether women can choose and speak. Colonisation is commonly considered a process of making the colonised people (both men and women) non-speaking agents. For women, it is truer as they experienced colonisation from two edges--the imperial forces and the male domination from outside and within society. Everything in society was designed to put women in the peripheral position. The history of literature has been a biased tradition of entertaining this kind of male attitude but only a few writers have come forward to posit women in other ways. Mahbub Ul Alam, a Chittagonian by birth, a First World War-warrior, and a veteran writer has attempted to portray women in a non-conformist manner in his long story, a novella entitled Mafijon (2003). Under the narrative style of canonical storytelling, he bravely shows how Mafijon, the central character of his novella, proves her existence following a self-directed, revolutionary, and power-oriented self which was unthinkable and uncustomary at the time when the story was written in 1935. In this article, the author aims to establish Mafijon as a powerful woman who chooses, speaks, and speaks to denounce the existing ideologies and the way she gets empowered.
An Elaborate Discussion on the Fundamental Concepts and Understandings of Service-Oriented Architecture: A Literature Review
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Trisha, Asma Joshita; Haque, Md. Neamul; Hoque, Kazi Ekramul
In today’s digital world, we can’t think about a moment without the virtue of mighty computer technology. Even in this modern era, we depend on various computer services. Well-organized service architecture has become essential to provide better software and application programs. Service-Oriented Architecture more precisely indicates the word “Service.” Its primary concern is to develop such an architecture that provides services according to the demand of the users by maintaining its different parameters in optimal condition. Mainly Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) delivers services to the component that requests the service where service is a method that is complete, independent, and only externally visible to the requester. Many aspects of SOA are available. In this review paper, we have focused on the illustrated structure and research area of SOA.
Necessities of Adopting Reformative Theory of Punishment in Bangladesh: An Appraisal
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Tarzid, Surina
Crime is a behavior or action opposed to public policy, morals, religion, and etiquette that is punishable. Among the variety of theories of punishment, the reformative one is the most human and accepted to the civilized society where the offender is treated as a patient, the offense is sickness and the theory will act to cure the patient of illness. A preference for reformative theory with other theories of punishment is expressed here. This theory aims to rehabilitate the offender into society. The write-up addresses the necessities of reformative theory and its impact and justification of punishment, referring to the present prison condition of Bangladesh. It focuses on the national and international instruments to ensure prison reformation and treat offenders humanly. Finally, some recommendations have been proposed to reform the present prison system of Bangladesh to implement the reformative theory of punishment compared to developed states. Here, it has been tried to emphasize prison reformation to rectify the offender's character to make them an asset of any family, society, and country thus ultimately the crime of any society will reduce. On the other hand, the detention period of the offender will not be spoilt through mere detention.
Scalarization Approaches for Four Objectives Optimization Problems: A Case Study
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Ferdous, Jannatul; Rizvi, M. M.
We extend the algorithms introduced by Burachik et al. to approximate solutions to four objectives optimization problems. Efficient scalarization approaches are considered to design the algorithms and implement these algorithms for multiobjective mixed-integer programming problems. We show that algorithms with the weighted-constraint scalarization approach efficiently solve the problem even if the set of answers is discrete or disconnected. We test the efficiency of the algorithms for a four objective rocket injector design problem.
Artwork Classification and Recognition System based on Convolutional Neural Network
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Dhoom, Tanni; Sayeed, Taufique
From ancient ages, artworks have been the object of research in artist identification. Expert art historians primarily handle this issue manually. But an automatic artist recognition system using artwork is compulsory to lower the error percentage, and only a few progressive efforts are undertaken in this field, especially on Bangladeshi Artists. Our Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model aims to determine the painter of a painting with a satisfactory accuracy standard. There are 450 paintings from 6 well-known Bangladeshi artists comprised in our novel dataset. Two different convolution kernels are used in model design, Model-1 has 3 X 3 convolutional kernels, and Model-2 has 5 X 5 kernel size. Our models achieve significantly higher classification accuracy as 87% for Model-1 and 89% for Model-2. Our result evaluation demonstrates that CNNs is not merely a robust learning tool for artist identification but also effective in predicting unique styles of an artisan.
Harishankar Jaladas’ Nonajole Dubsantar: Looking into a Bangladeshi Dalit Autobiography
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Majumder, Panna
Born into a fishing family, Harishankar Jaladas is the only voice from the Dalit community in post-independence Bangladesh. A Dalit figure in Bangladeshi literature Harishankar Jaladas is yet to be explored with full potentiality in research. His writing about the “low-caste” people saturated with an experiential authenticity sufficiently validates this critical investigation as it promises a fundamental understanding of Dalits’ life and reality in Bangladesh. A late entry into the Bangladeshi literary circle, Jaladas’ larger authorial engagement predominantly takes “lower” caste people in his literary purview. Being a Dalit his lived experience supplies all the materials he projects in his narrative and so the narrative-tendency is remarkably towards an exposure of the true marginal living. This explains why his self-narrative Nonajole Dubsantar (2018) can be considered to be an assistive base for understanding his other fictional narratives. However, apart from its assistive value his autobiography alone deserves to be examined for its candidature as a Dalit autobiography. This explains why this article attempts to investigate the linearity of Jaladas’ self-narrative in promise and purpose that a Dalit autobiography professes in the main. Lastly, it will conclude with a commentary that will help determine its generic fitness.
Voicing the Choice: Metaphor in Ismat Chughtai’s Short Story—“The Quilt”
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Das, Shantanu
Ismat Chughtai is a well-known feminist author in twentieth-century Urdu literature. She is given a special place in South-Asian Feminist Studies because of the way she interweaves the discourse of female sexuality with certain stylistic patterns. In her short story, “The Quilt,” the voiceless woman character, Begum Jaan, holds on to her choice regarding her sexuality despite living in a time and a society immersed in patriarchy. The unconventional and ‘unladylike’ choice of homosexuality would not be well-received if openly expressed. Chughtai still writes about this choice in a very suggestive manner through the powerful metaphor of the quilt in “The Quilt”. The metaphor speaks louder than the protagonist herself, thus becoming a means to voice the choice of the woman in the story. This also attributes the metaphor with the quality of a living character in Chughtai’s narrative technique. Through this technique, Chughtai has contributed to the discourse of female sexuality in the Urdu literary subculture of her time. Taking the twentieth-century definitions of metaphor and a theoretical frame of Simone de Beauvoir’s discussion on female sexuality, this paper takes into account this short story, “The Quilt,” to examine, in a qualitative approach, the nature of the choice made by the female protagonist Begum Jaan and how the metaphor is used to voice her choice in the story.
William Shakespeare's Hamlet: An Existential Study
(Premier University, Chattogram, 2022-05) Islam, Md Rafiqul
This paper explores the proposition that Hamlet, the protagonist of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, conforms to the modern philosophical ideas of Existentialism. When Hamlet comes to know about the murder of his father by his uncle Claudius, he is immediately gripped by doubts and procrastination. As a result, he fails to avenge his father’s murder. He desperately tries to examine, in his constant procrastination, his position on the complex world he suddenly finds himself trapped in and delays his action. I have examined the complex mindset of Hamlet through analyzing his soliloquies and argued that the confused persona of Hamlet undergoes significant changes as it develops and finally leads him to a firm inner resolution that finds a meaning of his existence only in his death. In the light of Hamlet’s changes, I have argued that Hamlet bears out Sartre’s view that "existence precedes essence." Shakespeare’s Hamlet can be called an Existentialist.